Find the total distance of travel until the ball hits the ground for the 8th time. Often, mathematical equations can be made from graphs. In my science fair experiment, the golf ball overall was the ball that bounced the highest. What does the motion of a bouncing ball look like? It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h1 to h2 (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). D) If I freeze a tennis ball, then it will not bounce as high. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. The third stage is the point at which the ball is momentarily deformed, and bounces off the ground in an upward direction until it reaches its maximum height. By the time the ball comes briefly to a stop, most of its missing energy has been stored in its dented surface. About a foot above the table top is plenty. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. As the ball falls through the air, the Law of Conservation of Energy is in effect and states that energy is neither gained nor lost, only transferred from one form to another. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. During the preliminary experiment it was established that time was not an important factor that had to be taken into account when deciding how many different heights to drop the ball from and the interval between those heights. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration graphs, or geometric sequences. As the height from which the ball was dropped from was increased, the GPE energy that the ball possessed before being dropped also increased. Its height gradually decreases until it eventually stops moving. Writing Quality. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the release height and we keep all other variables unchanged. Data Table 2: Average Bounce Height at Each Height: Graph 1: Height of Ball drop versus Height of ball bounce: Our data indicates that the hypothesis was incorrect. Therefore the height that it reaches is less high. Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. Here, the motion of a real bouncing ball is shown. CoR = coefficient of restitution = (speed after collision)/(speed before collision). ", " My husband and son came with me for the tour. Tape the ruler to the wall. Sometimes the designer of an experiment can miss the obvious. Materials:-Carbon Paper-Goggles-Golf (Their ideas might include surface texture, colour, size, what its made of, squashiness, opacity, weight, air pockets, temperature, cost, shininess/dullness, hardness/softness, age, layers of materials.) Above this point the height all balls will bounce to will not be directly proportional to the height they are dropped from, but the increase in the height they bounce to will increase more slowly in proportion to the height they are dropped from compared to the increase between lower heights before the ball shows signs of approaching its terminal velocity before it hits the ground. This is in accordance with Newton's second law. This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. The balls are shown at rest, about to bounce back up. It bounces off, changing the direction of motion and again reaching its maximum height. A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Specifically, you are tasked to determine: B.) What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. This would eliminate parallax error further. For example, we could have used a ruler on the top to help us read how high up the tennis ball bounced, and we could have made sure the partner taking measurements did so from a consistent height. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). This help to greatly increase the accuracy of the experiment. That height fraction is equal to the fraction of energy that the ball successfully stored and returned during its bounce. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the This causes the amplitude of the height to reduce over time and eventually come to a stop due to friction forces like air resistance, which are assumed to be zero in an ideal scenario. Design an experiment to test each hypothesis. This also proves the accuracy of the experiment. We also noted after we finished the experiment that the student taking measurements sometimes stood above the height when taking the measurement and sometimes kneeled on the floor so they had a different angle on the meter stick, which may have affected the measurement. WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. It is also known as a constant variable or simply as a "control." Dependent variable is the height that the ball bounces. The selection of balls for official games in most sports (esp. As energy cannot be created or destroyed it follows that the energy must have come from the energy that the ball possesses. An average will then be taken. Method: To set up the Method:The apparatus will be set up as shown: H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. What are the variables in the ramp experiment? Aim:To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. The ball then rebounds: it undents and tosses itself up into the air to a good fraction of its original height. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. The energy chain is as follows: Therefore as energy cannot be created or destroyed the energy the ball starts with must be directly proportional to the energy the ball finishes with, at the top of its bounce, and so if the ball starts with more energy it must therefore finish with more. So an imperfect ball loses some energy on each bounce. Maybe you are reading a scale incorrectly, or maybe the measuring instrument is working erratically. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. Several meter sticks for measuring the height of the bouncing ball or drawing a larger meter stick. Advanced levels of experimental science rely heavily on graphical and mathematical analysis of data. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. The ball pushes on the floor and the floor pushes back on the ball, causing it to rebound. WebPhysics Lab 1 - Bouncing Ball - Hardik December 2019 PDF Bookmark This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. When the ball rebounds, its stored energy reappears and it leaps higher into the air than it would have had you dropped it a shorter distance. Improvements that could be made to the experiment if future work was to be done: To provide additional relevant evidence I would conduct further work as follows; I would like to conduct the same experiment in a vacuum. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the type or flexibility of bounce surface and we keep all other variables unchanged. When the ball collides with the floor, the ball becomes deformed. A) Using the graph above, find the displacement of the ball at 50 seconds. You may now be able to understand or verify things that you discovered when gathering information for the project. From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (CR) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v22) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v12): If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h1 and CR. This therefore provides accurate and reliable results. Air pressure will affect the balls fall slightly as the concentration of air particles per cubic meter varies with air pressure. Use the same point on the ball (top) or (bottom) when judging both the height Have all your study materials in one place. Sometimes variables are linked and work together to cause something. \[S_{\infty} = \frac{\alpha(1-r^{\infty})}{1-r} = \frac{\alpha(1-0)}{1-r} \qquad S_{\infty} = \frac{\alpha}{1-r}\]. When you drop a ball from a greater height, it has more kinetic energy just before it hits the floor and stores more energy during the bounceit dents farther as it comes to a stop. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. When a ball drops in air there is air resistance to which the ball loses energy in the form of thermal energy. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different Independent: - Type of surface the tennis ball is dropped on. You are NOT going to perform this experiment. This means for the ball to reach terminal velocity the drag force has to be bigger and for the drag force to be bigger the ball has to fall faster (so that more air particles hit the ball every second). A decrease in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. It will be vinyl tiling. The force that is received by the ball from the ground from the collision causes it to rebound, which converts the potential energy to kinetic energy. In this experiment you will test the bounce of a dropped ball for different surface hardness. These conclusions help us confirm or deny our original hypothesis. Many questions are related. The CoRs apply to balls dropped or thrown at a rigid wooden surface. As the ball hits the floor with less KE than it would have done if it had been dropped in a vacuum it follows that less energy is converted into elastic potential energy and back into KE again. Grammar mistakes. 2. The second stage is the point at which the ball decelerates, changes direction once it has reached the peak point, and starts falling to the ground. http://wings.avkids.com/Curriculums/Tennis/index.html. Then when dropping the ball again eye level will be kept level with the blue tack thus avoiding parallax errors. the initial height of your ball when you released it. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. WebBouncing Ball Experiment - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Therefore any change to the weight of the ball will affect the energy the ball has initially, which, as previously stated, affects the height to which the ball bounces. For testing air pressure you will need one ball that is inflatable such as a basketball ball. Therefore the height the ball bounces will be proportional to the height that the ball is dropped from up to a certain point, where the ball begins to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. The push which the ball receives from the floor at the moment of impact causes it to bounce up from the surface. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. For example this is a sample explanation. Stages of bouncing ball example, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals, Motion graphs of a bouncing ball, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals. , v is greater therefore KE is greater by a larger amount). Draw a graph of bounce height Vs drop height. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. Once the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero. What is the control variable in the bouncing ball experiment? Hence the final answer is: \(\text{Total distance} = 2 \cdot S_n = 2 \cdot 9.6 m= 19.2m\). Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. We felt the magic immediately. As a general rule, when the ball is travelling in the positive direction (upwards), the velocity can be assumed to be positive. This list is called an experimental procedure. It depends only on the elasticity of the ball itselfa super ball returns a large fraction while a beanbag returns a tiny fraction. These are parts of the experiment that you try to keep constant throughout an experiment so that they won't interfere with your test. The exact interval will be determined after the preliminary experiment, as will the number of heights that the ball will be dropped from. However when the ball is dropped from a relatively low height, drag 0. Both potential and kinetic energy have units of Joules (J). The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to the initial relative speed between two objects after they collide. WebAll experimental investigations involve variables. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. Is a bouncing ball an example of Newton's third law? If the mass of the ball is heavier the weight is heavier (weight = mg) and downward force acting upon the ball is greater as well. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Apparatus:Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. This did not happen in my experiment however. Changes in air pressure could have affected results as could changes in temperature however changes in these two factors would have been small; air pressure would not have changed enough to affect the results in the hour period in which the experiment was conducted, and although the rooms temperature may have increased by a degree or two, due to body heat, over the course of the period temperature was not a major factor that affected the height to which the ball bounced and would not have significantly affected the results. The more KE that the ball possessed as it hit the floor, the more that was transferred into elastic potential energy and back into KE. Controlled: - Same ball. The more particles per cubic meter, the more drag acting upon the ball. This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. These stages are continuously repeated and shown in the sequence below. An increase in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. The ball rebounds to 72 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. Summary of task. Research questions pose a question about the List three. Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. The positive and negative directions must be stated in each example. This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. In reality, the ball experiences damping, where it loses potential energy and kinetic energy as it falls. This applies to a ball falling in a vacuum. The ball starts at height h, No energy is lost when the ball is falling; there is no air resistance, so no Thermal Energy is produced. For this reason, its also known as a controlled variable or a constant variable. A bouncing ball follows a projectile motion which is moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. Bouncing Ball Experiment Our simple experiment is to drop a ping pong ball weighed at 3 grams from a height of 1 metre then 90cm, 80cm, 70cm, Discuss specifically how you developed your e and initial height values. List three. Variables that may affect the bounce of a dropped ball are: You may study the effect of any of these variables on the bounce of a dropped ball. A series of experiments is made up of separate experimental runs. During each run you make a measurement of how much the variable affected the system under study. No, the bouncing ball example is not an example of simple harmonic motion. Also the facts that there were no anomalies and that all of the points were very close to the line of best fit show that the experiment was relatively accurate. The same square of tiling will be used throughout the experiment so that inconsistencies between different floor tiles do not affect results. As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. You can drop the ball from your hand or you can make a stopper for the ball to hold it only from the sides with a little pressure. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. The purpose of our lab was fulfilled. are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Therefore any change to the height from which the ball starts with affects the height to which it bounces to. There are three types of variables: Controlled Variables: You can have as many controlled variables as you like. An alternative method would be the measuring person holding a video camera level with the approximate height that the ball reaches after bouncing and videoing the ball reach the top of its arc. So if we double the release height, we will get double bounce height. A bouncing ball is an example of oscillatory motion as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. Research questions therefore always refer to two variables, and the relationship between them. An investigation of the factors that influence the bounce height of a tennis ball when dropped onto the floor could consider the drop height and the type of surface the ball is dropped onto. The investigation could try to answer these research questions: The CoR can be measured directly by velocity measurements but often it is handier to measure the height of rise of the ball after it bounces relative to the height that it fell. The first stage is where the ball bounces from the surface of the ground. Course of Theoretical Physics : Mechanics (Course of Theoretical Physics), Engineering Mechanics Dynamics (11th Edition). The mass of the ball will affect the height the ball bounces to because it affects the balls starting energy. The sum of the two, mechanical energy, stays the same ( is conserved.). The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an. The relative height of the bounce should be h/h = CoR2 = 0.72 = 0.49. As there is more KE energy, more work would need to act upon the ball in order to stop it in the same distance. tennis and baseball) includes the CoR test. 30% of the energy that the ball hits the floor wit is lost. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. To do that use the scroll button to start, then use arrow keys to move your wave 0.1 second left or right. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. If the ball is elastic in nature, the ball will quickly return to its original form and spring up from the floor. WebControlled Variables: -Golf ball -PVC piping -Angle of Ramp Our controlled variable was Manipulated Variable: -Release point -Distance ball bounces Our manipulated variables was: Dependent Variable: The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. You will next need to record your bounces and their respective times. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the , If you are new in doing science project, click on . From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. These are illustrated below. The only difference is that no experimental variables are changed. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air friction. The force that causes a ball to bounce is the reaction force described by Newton's third law of motion. This is impossible. If you determine that experimental errors are influencing your results, carefully rethink the design of your experiments.